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DN

DISCOVERY OF DRAVIDIAN AS THE COMMON SOURCE OF INDO-EUROPEAN
Page 2
 

Some of these scholars were also convinced that prehistoric Europe was populated by a dark-haired people, an opinion echoed even by relatively recent historians such as H. G. Wells. In a letter to the Polish Prince Adam Czartoryski, Sir Jones himself had written: "Many learned investigators of antiquity are fully persuaded, that a very old and almost primaeval language was in use among these northern nations, from which not only the Celtic dialects, but even the Greek and Latin are derived." In an important article entitled "On the Gods of Greece, Italy, and India" which appeared in Asiatick Researches, Sir Jones, who was one of the first scholars to deal with comparative mythology also pointed out: "when features of resemblance, too strong to have been accidental, are observable in different systems of polytheism, without fancy or prejudice to colour them and improve the likeness, we can scarce help believing, that some connection has immemorially subsisted between the several nations, who have adopted them".

In the eyes of many European scholars, since these prehistoric people of Europe were clearly neither of Negroid nor of Mongoloid origin, India, where the Europeans had discovered Sanskrit for themselves, and the ancient Indians were not entirely out of the picture in this context. This status of the ancient Indians which had been also forecasted by such ancient Indian cultural manifestations as the tens of thousands of megalithic monuments known as the burial tombs strewn all over India and by their counterparts which can be seen in many parts of Europe and ascribed to a prehistoric people of Europe called the Druids.

The few years Sir Jones spent in India constituted a critical juncture in the history of languages not only because of Sir Jones' above noted adumbration in 1786, but because at that point in time, he could have placed the concerned languages on the right tracks and defined their courses and ultimate destination with considerable accuracy if he had shown regarding Dravidian the same degree of curiosity, observation, and the ability to reach, form, and articulate hypothesis which he demonstrated concerning the Indo-European languages. By the close proximity of Sanskrit to Dravidian alone, indeed, by virtue of the fact that both of them are inseparable from India, the Indians, and the Indian phenomenon, Dravidian should have been of the utmost interest and consideration in any framework concerning the identity of the common source of Indo-European. But neither in his address which contained the above noted famous statement, nor in all his subsequent academic endeavour, Sir Jones hardly ever mentioned Dravidian. Such treatment of Dravidian detrimentally compounded since with innumerable and widely published assumptions, conjectures, misleading statements, and theories concerning its various aspects and its speakers, and the habit of scholars to endlessly repeat them without putting to test their basis, if any, has continued to this day unabated, and has resulted in keeping alive the so-called mystery concerning the identity of the common source of Indo-European and its speakers.

That Sir Jones who knew more than two dozen languages, and was an expert in Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Germanic, and Persian, and who was thoroughly convinced that not only Greek and Latin, but Sanskrit had sprung from the same common source, did not consider Dravidian in any aspect of its identity may also be adduced to certain other factors: Neither during his lifetime, nor until scores of years later, many important discoveries or findings which could have directly or indirectly influenced his thinking about the identity of the common source had taken place. The ancient civilizations of the fertile triangle such as the ancient Indian, the Sumerian, and the Egyptian had not come to light. Many ancient scripts had not been discovered or their languages divined. Rev. Robert Caldwell had not published his monumental 'A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages' (1st ed.; 1856; London) even though he had considered only four languages as belonging to the group of south Indian languages which he called Dravidian. In fact, no one had heard the name Dravidian as the designation of the family of Indian languages until Rev. Caldwell, of all the scores of names of ancient Indian tribes listed in ancient Indian texts, selected it and formally introduced to the world. No Dravidian dictionary had been published, and it was not known that the Dravidian language family constitutes at least twenty-seven languages. And most importantly, such significant linguistic phenomena as the Indo-European phonetic correspondences had not been discovered, and the scholars had not recognized or reconstructed the Indo-European roots from which all the hundreds of thousands of Indo-European words have ensued. Compared to the present Age of Information, the 18th century, when a ship took about five months to reach India from England, was like the Dark Age, and Sir Jones was part of this world complete with its own follies.  

 
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Copyright © by V. Keerthi Kumar 1999