91. endher = beneath (JS-97).

This root affords us another example how the names of the body parts denoted by DR. seed-words have taken on transferred meanings in Indo-European which also has occurred in Dravidian. For instance, in English the derived word of this root is underwear. This sense connoting a relationship with buttocks (which underwear covers) is denoted by the Dravidian seed-word andu which denotes: a buttock, the buttocks (129-Ka); andu = the buttocks (Tu). The sense of bottom [[underneath]] is not only given by the fact that we often refer to the buttocks as the bottom, but by the fact that this seed-word also andu denotes: the bottom of a vessel (129-Ka). Other forms of the Kannada word andu are adi = under, base, bottom (72-Ka); adi = place below, down (Kod); adi = bottom, base (Tu); adi = beneath (Go); adi = down (Go).

92. er = separation, apart, network, infrequent, precious (JS-98).

This IE root as compared to its Dravidian seed-word has not changed throughout the intervening millennia. The DR. seed-word of this root is er- = to be separated (915-Konda). There are also other DR. seed-words such as uri = network for suspending pots (708-Ma); aru = rare [[infrequent]] (221-Ta); aritu = precious (Ta); aru = rare, unusual (Ma).

93. ere = to row (JS-98).

In view of the fact that this IE root has given rise to the words row-boat and rudder, it is clear that a boat is in the picture here. The DR. seed-word of this root is ora = boat (1039-Pa).

94. ergh, rei, res = flow, rise, exist (JS-98-99).

This IE root is entwined with many DR. seed-words some of which are erike = rising (916-Ka); eru = to rise, rising (Ka); erisu = to raise (Ka); regu = to rise (Te); iruvike = existing (480-Ka); iru = to exist, remain (Ka); irusu = to cause to be or stay (Ka); uru = to flow (as water in a well) (761-Ta); uru = to spring [[rise]] as water, ooze, leak out (Ka) ore = to ooze, ooze out, spring, drip (Ka).

95. eudh = udder (JS-105).

Inasmuch as udder is the breast of an animal, note the DR. seed-word of this root ede = breast (827-Ka). Note that Latin uber which is derived from this root not only denotes an udder, but breast, teat, pap (Ltc.621). Here note that this Latin form is a cognate of the DR. Telugu word bora = breast (4592-Te).

96. gal, gar = imitative of cry or shout (JS-108); gal = to call, shout (Pei-219).

As we begin to note the IE roots beginning eith g, we should recall that there is great correspondence between g and k in DR. which was illustrated in the previous chapter with examples. Because of this many times the roots which begin with g have their DR. seed-words which begin with k. It may be remembered that normally g becomes k in Gothic (Pei-25). For instance, the IE root geus appears in Gothic as kausjan (Pei-110-111); the root ger yields Karl in Old High German (Pei-196-97), and so on.

That Latin gallus = cock is derived from this root-word gal and that gallinaceous is derived from gallus is in order because the DR. seed-word koli = gallinaceous fowl (2248-Ta). Also note koli = cock, hen, fowl in general (Ka); kari = to call (1291-Ka); karai = to sound, call, weep (Ta); karasu = to cause to call, shout together (Ka); gaggelyuni = to cry, roar (Tu). Note also kele = to cry or shout with energy or for joy (1574-Ka); kiry- = a shout (1590-Ko); kuru = to cry aloud (1921-Ta); kelar = to cry out (1831-Ka); ke.ri = shout (1960-Kol); gurru = an imitative sound (1852-Ka); guru = to cry (owl) (Kor); gurrana = utter angry words or shouts of anger (Kur); kurru = to cry, yell (Te); ke.ri = shout (2009-Kol); keru = to cackle with joy, cluck (as a laying hen) (Te); kor = cock, hen, fowl (2160-Kol); kilai = to cackle (1992-Kuwi); kuyil = to call (1764-Ta); ku = a cry, call (1868-Ka). In view of the fact that such words as clink, clinker, clack, etc., are derived from gal, gar note that in DR. kalakala (kala reduplicated) = to reiterate in sound, rustle, tinkle, clink, chink, rattle (1302-Ta); kalakala (kala reduplicated) = buz, din (Ma); galagala (gala reduplicated) = clanking, clinking, tinkling, rattling (Ka); gallu = a tinkling or clinking sound, jingle (Te); kalku = to cry as a demon or one possessed by an evil spirit (Tu). Note that the word kala- = indistinct or inarticulate; low, soft (as a tone), melodious, which is used in Sanskrit has genetic relationship with Dravidian (see at the end of 1302).

97. garg = imitative of throat sounds (JS-109)