DISCOVERY OF DRAVIDIAN AS THE COMMON SOURCE OF INDO-EUROPEAN |
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145. kar, karkar = hard (Pei-216-17); kar, krak = hard, strong, powerful JS-158-59). Note that the feature of reduplication is one of the important features of Dravidian vocabulary and that Pei points out that karkar is reduplication of kar. The DR. seed- words of this root kar are karu = hard, and karuma = hardness (1287-Ma). The words harsh and harshness are derived from this IE root. Here, note that in DR. karatu = roughness, churlish temper (1265-Ta); karil = severity, cruelty (Ta); karukaruka (karu reduplicated just as the root kar is reduplicated in the above noted root karkar) = to be harsh, sharp, rough, irritating (Ma); karadu = that is hard, rough, unpolished (Ka); kargota = hard, hardness, hard-heartedness, hard-hearted (Tu). Note that Greek kratos = power is derived from this IE root, and as suffixes –crat, -cracy occur in such important words as autocrat, plutocrat, democracy, aristocracy, bureacracy, theocracy (Pei-216). Here, note that in DR. karuttu = power (1287-Ma); kara or karu = power, greatness (ka); karu = hard (Ma); karuttu = strength, power (Ta); karuttan = a powerful man (Ma); kirpu = strength, power, ability (1570-Ta). 146. kars = scratch, rub (JS-159). The DR. seed-words of this root are kere = to scratch (1564-Ka); keresu = to scrape (Tu); kaR = to smear, daub (1503-Konda); kirmabuni = to scratch, rub (1560-Tu) kirmbelu = scratching (Tu). Note that Latin cardus = a thistle (Ltc.92) is derived from this root, and that in DR. karande denotes: Indian globe-thistle (1271-Ka). 147. kat = thrown or dropped down (JS-160). Note the DR. seed-words of this root kutayuka = to throw out (1662-Ma); kad- (katt-) = to throw (1109-Pa); kede = to fall down, drop (1524-Ka); kedahu = to make fall down, throw to the ground (Ka). JS points out that the root kat also denotes: animal offspring, the young of animals. This is correct, because in DR. the popularly used word kutti denotes: young of a dog, pig, tiger, etc.; little girl (1670-Ta); kuttan = boy, lamb, calf (Ma); kutti = young of any animal, child (chiefly girl) (Ma); koda = tenderness, tender age, youth (2149-Ka). Note that JS also points out cat as one of these little animals, and states that the word cat is derived from this root. Note here that in DR. kotti = cat (male or female) (2170-Ka); kwaty = cat (To); kuttiri = a civet cat (Tu). Further note that cat(a) is a Greek prefix which is derived from this root (JS-130) and occurs in a number of words such as catabolism, catarrh, cataract, catalectic, catholic, catholicon, catogeric, catamite, etc. 148. kato = woodland (JS-154). In view of the fact that this IE root has given rise to such English words as heath, heathen, etc., it is entwined with more than one DR. seed-word such as katu = jungle, wilderness, wood (1438-Ma); katu = forest, jungle (Ta); katar = hill tribes, dwellers in the forest (Ta); kattan = rustic (Ta); katan = jungle dweller (Ma); kadu = forest, jungle (Ka); kada = jungle fellow (Ka); kada = wild, untamed (Kod); kata = forester, huntsman (Ka). 149. kau I = burn (JS-160). The DR. seed-words of this IE root which denotes a basic meaning such as to burn, are kay = burn, to burn, grow hot (1458-Ta). Note the Greek word khauma derived from this root denotes: heat of the sun. Here, note that in DR. kumai denotes: to be hot, sultry [[as due to heat of the sun]] (1752-Ta). JS also points out that another derived word khalon denotes: wood for burning. Here, note that kolli in Malayalam denotes: firewood (2158-Ma). 150. kau II = Imitative (partridge) (JS-160-61). Note that JS points out that the imitative sound is that of the bird chukar, chikhor or chuckoor = partridge. It is not surprising that the DR. seed-words of this IE root also denote the sound made by birds. For instance, kuvu = to scream (as peacock); cry (as a cuckoo or birds in general), whoop (1868-Ta); ku = cooing, as of a dove (Ta); The derived word in Greek kokuein denotes: wail (JS-160). Note here that in DR. ku = a cry Ka); ku-kuv-enal (ku reduplicated) = lamenting, bawling, sreeching (Ta). 151. kau III = strike, cut (JS-161); kau, keu = hew, strike (Pei-115). The DR. seed-word of this IE root is koy = to cut, saw [[as when a tree is cut]] (2119-Ka). This root is another example pointing out how phonetically resembling IE words and their different meanings are enlightened by their corresponding DR. seed-words. To begin with let us note that JS states that the derived Latin word is cudo = to pound, beat (Ltc.160), and that this word is a cognate of DR. kuttu = to pound, beat, a blow (1671-Ka). Latin incus is also related here because incus constitutes: in and cudo. JS then points out that Latin caudex first denoted a cut tree trunk, and later on a writing tablet and hence we have the words code, codex, decode, codify, etc. This picture becomes enlightened when we realize that in DR. kuttu = to pound, strike (1671-Ka), and kuta = stump of a tree (1676-Pe); kuttu = stem of a tree which remains after cutting it (Ka); kutti = stump (Te); kuttuka = to write [[as a code would be written]] (1719-Ma); kuttu = secret [[as a codified writing is usually a secret]] (1673-Ta). Also note that the DR seed-word koya denotes: a wooden piece, log (2120-Go). The connection between the tree trunk or log (on which figures, words, etc., can be written or etched), and writing is further enlightened by DR. seed-word kuttuka which not only denotes: to write, but to pierce, stab, prick in an ola [[writing by pricking or pressing on such things as palm leaves which was done in ancient India]] (1719-Ma). |
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