179. ker IV, kr = cry out (JS-178-79).

The DR. seed-words of this IE root are: kiru = to cry out (1590-Ka); keru = to cry out (1960-Te). Note also kiru = to scream (1590-Ka); kirachu = to cry, shout, scream (Ka); keral = to cry, utter loudly (1960-Ka); keralu = to cry out from alarm (Ka); kiru = to cry out the price, cry aloud (1921-Ta).

JS points out that black color and raven are in the context here. In Greek khorax, in Latin corvus = raven, coracine, from its black color. In fact, the genus of crows is corvus. Here, note that in DR. kari = blackness (1278-Ka); kari = black (Ma); karu = black (Ta); karu = black, dark color (1278(c)-Te); kar = black (To); ka.r = bkack (Ko); karu or kari = black, dark (Tu); kari = black (Kol); and that the derived Latin word creper (crepera) = dark, is a derived word here. It is not, therefore, surprising that in DR. a single word kari denotes both the meanings; kari = crow, blackness (1278(c)-Ta). Note also in DR. karichchan = king crow (1278(a)-Ta).

Latin crepitare = to rattle, creak, crackle, rustle, clatter; and creptius = a rattling, creaking, rustling, clattering, are also derived words of ker IV, kr. Here, note that in DR. karakara (kara reduplicated) = onom. expression signifying rattling sound, utter a rattling sound (1386-Ta); karakarappu (kara reduplicated) = rattling (Ta); karakara (kara reduplicated) = to crackle in the mouth (as a crisp cake) (Ta); kira = creaking (1593-Ka); kirru = creaking, creak (Te); kirku = a creaking noise (Ta); kirukira (kiru reduplicated) = rustling, rattling noise (Ma).

JS also notes the other derived words: Latin crimen, criminem which first denoted cry of distress gained the meanings of the reason for such a call: crime. Here, note that in DR. karai = to weep, lament, call (1291-Ka); karesu = to cause to call, have called (Ka); karuk- = to call, crow, (Nk(ch)). Note also that in DR. kerpuni = to kill, murder, slay (1981-Tu); kerpinaye = murderer (Tu); and that karup- = to cause to summon a physician (1291-Nk(ch)).

A few of a number of derived words of ker IV, kr are: corbine, corvine, cormorant, crime, criminal, incriminate, recrimination, etc.

180. kerV = heat, burn (JS-179).

This IE root also is phonetically exactly the same as the other roots ker I, ker II, ker III, and ker IV, but denotes different meanings. However, this also has more than one DR. seed-word with which it is fused. For instance, ker = to burn (1278(a)-Pa); karv- = to burn (Pa); karu = to burn (Go); kari = to be singed, scorched (Ka); kara = to be hot (1458-Kui); kary- = to heat (new pot, etc.,) (1278-Ko).

That the meaning of this latter DR. word kary- is associated with pot (Indians heat a new pot to season it) is not accidental is shown by the fact that the derived Greek word kheramos denotes: potter’s clay, pottery (JS-179). Here, further testimony is that in DR. kor = mud (2123-Ko); kuranni = fine clay, mud, mire (Ma); kuri = pot (1797-Kui); kuri = pot (Kuwi); kurvi = pitcher (black for cooking) (Go); kurvi = earthen cooking pot (Go); karvi = narrow mouthed earthen vessel for oil or liquor (1273A-Go); karava = clay pot with narrow neck (Kod).

The root has also yielded Latin carbonem, carbon, etc. Here, note the other DR. seed-words kari = charcoal, coal (1278(a)-Ta); kayr = charcoal, soot (Ma); kari = soot, charcoal (Tu).

Note also that Pei-118-19 renders this root as ker(e), and defines it also as glow. Here, note that in DR. kuru = brilliance, luster, to glisten (1782-Ta); kurumai = luster, brightness (Ta). Pei points out that the Slavic form for red or beautiful appears in Russian: krasny, krasivy. This is in accordance with the fact that in DR. kuruti = red color (1788-Ta); kary = a beautiful thing, beauty (1393-To); kurj = beautiful or handsome person (1782-Ko).