395. stai = stone (JS-383).

The DR. seed-word of this root is satu = flat rock (2308-Konda).

396. stebh = to encircle, fasten around, hold, press, pound, step on (JS-384).

Note that the derived Greek word stephein denotes = to tie around, as a wreath. The DR. seed-words with which this root is entwined are sut- = to wind (turban) (2715-Kol); suttu = state of being enclosed, enclosure, that surrounds, to surround, encompass, wrap round, wind, roll up, coil (Ka). Note that the derived Latin word stemma was used as a scroll on which one’s family tree was spread (JS-384). The sense of pounding denoted by this root is correct. In DR. sadinchu = to pound (2300-Te); sade = to pound to some extent (2322-Ka).

397. (s)teg = cover, hide (JS-384).

The DR. seed-words of this root are sat- = to cover up (2441-Kuwi); satu = hiding, secret place (Konda). That a sense of secret is denoted here is not unimportant because one of the derived words of this root is stegnography = secret writing (JS-384).

398. (s)teu = thrust, beat, knock, push, project (JS-389-90).

This root is genetically related with the Dravidian seed-word tivi = to thrust into, strike, strike with the fist, box, pierce, stab, striking (KTK-722). Note that the Greek word tapos = to strike, which has been ascribed to this root is a cognate of DR. tapu = to strike, hit (3150-Ka). Also note tappu = to strike, beat (3075-Ta). Further note that JS points out that a nasalized form of this root is tambour and its diminutive tambourine. Here, note the DR. seed-word tambata, which denotes: large tambourine beaten with sticks (3082-Ka). In the same group 3082, note also tappeta = a kind of drum (Te); tampatam = small drum, tom tom (Ta); tappa = tambourine (Nk); tappate = small drum (Nk); tambada = a large drum (Tu); tambata = tambourine (Tu). The fact that this musical instrument and its name have their roots in Dravidian clearly indicates the antiquity of this musical instrument itself.

399. suad = sweet (JS-392); swad = sweet (Pei-159).

The DR. seed-word of this IE root is savad = sweet (2396(a)-Nk).

400. suei I = hiss, whistle (JS-393).

The DR. seed-word of this IE root is incorporated in suyimpuni or suyyuni = to hiss 2680-Tu). Note also some other words such as sisuri = whistle (2610-Konda); sillu = whistling (2638-Ka). In view of the fact that there is the sense of air coming out of the mouth as in hissing and whistling, note also suy = a sigh, breath, to breath, sigh (2680-Ka).

401. suep = sleep (JS-396).

The derived Latin word somnus, which mainly denotes: sleep, also has transferred meanigs such as drowsiness, laziness, inactivity (Ltc-562). Here, note that the DR. seed- words also denote some of these meanings. For instance, somari = lazy, lazy man, indolent (2882-Tu); somma = swoon, faintness, torpidity (Te); soppu = to slacken, slackness, weakness, languishing (Ka); sappe = state of being spiritless, dull, flat, inert (2337-Ka). The sense of sleep, denoted by this root, is connotaed by sahpa = to stretch out (limbs) (2433-Kui); so.py = sleeping mat (2452-To).

402. (s)uer I = watch out for, guard, protect, cover (JS-396).

In order to keep the length of this text manageable, a number of points which are related to culture, religion, economy, social structure, practices, customs, traditions concerning the Indians have been generally left out. But, here in the context of this IE root (s)uer which denotes: watch out for, guard, protect, cover, let us note very briefly a fact with which all Indians are familiar. As is well known Indian women wear sarees and an end of it is draped over the shoulder. Now, this part of the saree on the shoulder is called seragu in Kannada. Under circumstances such as most desperate need of refuge or protection (from an enemy or evil intending person), or when asking for a most desperately needed favor, the wearer holds this part of the garment in both hands and stretches it towards the person from whom the favor is being asked. If the person happens to be a man, he holds out the end of the garment which drapes over his shoulder. This most desperate gesture denotes that the person in question has completely surrendered to the person’s mercy so much so that it is beyond the decency and tradition of an Indian man or woman to refuse him or her protection. There are numerous incidents in the history of India when a king has sacrificed his kingdom and life to protect, watch over, and guard the person (even another king who was his enemy) to whom he had promised and provided refuge. This age old Indian gesture is so entwined with the idea of cover and protection that this Kannada word seragu not only denotes: that end which is put over the shoulder, but the meanings: cover, protection, refuge (2796-Ka). This is the DR.seed-word of this IE root (s)uer = watch out for, guard, protect, cover. Also note here another DR. word vari = to cover (5264-Ta).

403. (s)uer II, sur = sound, talk (JS-397); swer = to speak (Pei-104-05).