414. t(e)r II, tor = rub, thresh, turn, drill, bore, press, crush, etc., (JS-407-08)

This IE root is fused with many DR. seed-words such as turs- = to rub (3301-Go); tarepuni = to rub (3114-Tu); tere = to thrush about on ground (3246-Kod); tere- = to thresh about on ground (Kod); tiri = a turn (3246-Te); tiri = turning, a turn (Ka); turi = to drill, bore (3339-Ka); tura = to bore = (Ta); trochu = to push, shove, thrust (3340-Te); tropu = a push (Te); tirge = to press = (3243-Malt); tirakkuka = to press (Ma); trokku = press or crush under the foot (3522-Te).

415. t(e)r III, tar = cut, break off or through, pass across, bore through, reach a goal (JS-408).

This IE root also is entwined with many DR. seed-words such as tari = to cut, cut off (3140-Ka); tari = cutting (Ma); treh- = to cut with adze (3146-Pe); teri = to cut (3437-Ta); tiri = to cut, cut off, cutting (Ka); tari = to be broken, cut off (3140-Ta); tare = to break (as a stick) (Malt); tare = to cut (Malt); turdna = to pass through any narrow aperture (3399(a)-Kur); teru = to reach at the end, be successful [[reach a goal]] (as in an examination) (3471-Ka); turi = to bore (3339-Ka). Note that JS points out the word avtar in this context. Here note that in DR. torraravu = incarnation (3566-Ta).

416. ter(e)q, torq = turn, twist (JS-408).

The DR. seed-words with which this IE root is fused are tiri = a turn, twist, turning, to turn round (3246-Ka); tirik- = to turn (Kod); tirika = a twist or turn (Te); trikku = a twist or turn (Te); tirk- = to turn (Ko).

417. ters = dry, arid thirst (Pei-120); ters = dry (JS-408-09).

JS notes that in Latin this root takes the form tostus = dry up, roast, scorch, and that the meanings boiling, rushing, torrent, roaring are also in the picture. Pei notes that Latin torreo = to burn is also derived from this root. Here, note the seed-words in DR. teru = to burn, scorch (3440-Ta); tari- = (fire) burns (3115-Kol); tar- = to be hot (Pa); terlu = to boil, bubble up as water (3128-Te); terli- = (water) to boil excessively (Konda); tere = a wave, billow [[rushing, roaring]] (3244-Ka); tira = wave, billow (Ma); tirai = roll as wavers (Ta); tiranku = to dry up as dead leaves (Ta); turs- = to dry the body with a cloth after bathing (3301-Go); tuvar = to dry, become dry (3351-Ta).toruka = to air, dry (Ma); tar = to dry up, become dry (3192-Ka); taradi = state of being or becoming dry (Ka); taragu = dry, that which is dried or to be dried (Ka); tarale = state of being dry (Ka).

JS also notes that this IE root gives rise to Latin words denoting: earth, such as terra = dry earth. Here note that in DR. tori = dry clay (3283-Go); tori = earth, soil (Go); tori = earth, soil, clay (Go); tori = dust (Go); tori = soil (Go); tori = dry clay, cleansing mud (Go). Note that Latin terra cotta "cooked earth" (Pei-120) is from DR. tory = clay (3283-Go); and kat- = to burn (1207-Ko); kayattu = to cook, heat by fire, dry or warm as in the sun or near the fire (1458-Ta).

418. toc = imitative of the sound of knocking (JS-413).

The popular colloquial expression denoting the sound of knocking (as on a door) is precisely toc (reduplicated as toc-toc). But this Kannada word is not listed in DED. But KTK-666-67 lists a related word tak = a sound in imitation of ticking [[as an old fashioned big clock]]. Note also other DR. words in this connection taikka = to strike [[as on a door]] (3089-Ma); toku = to strike (3539-Ka); takku = to strike against as a vessel on a rock (3150-Ta); taku = to strike, touch (3160-Ka). Note that Late (vulgar) Latin has the word toccare, toccatum = touch (JS-413).

419. tol, tel, tal, t(l)a = lift, support, weigh, weight (JS-413); tel = to raise, carry (Pei-94-95).

The DR. seed-words of this IE root are tale = to carry (3188-Ka); tele = to lift (3428-Malt). Note that words such as tolerate and delay have been ascribed to this root. Here, note that in DR. talu = to tolerate, bear (3188-Ta); tal = be patient, endure, bear with, suffer patiently or quietly (Ka); talu = to bear, endure, be patient, wait. (Te).

420. tong = to seem (to one); to think it so (JS-414).

This IE root is entwined with DR. seed-words such as tonnuka = to come into the mind, occur (3566-Ma); tonru = to seem, come to mind (Ta); tonjinai = to seem (Kuwi).

421. tre, tri = three (JS-415-16).